INTERNET BASICS PART -1

INTERNET BASICS

The internet is a network of computers linking many different types of computers all over the world. Internet is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

INTERNET AND ITS COMPONENT

Access, Chat, Ecommerce, E-mail, FTP, Hosting, Mailing list, Search Engines, Telnet, Usenet, World Wide Web- are the common components of the internet. Different components have different roles.

There are the components including- modem, broadband filter, router etc, that many users are unaware of.

WORLD WIDE WEB

The World Wide Web commonly known as the web. It is a way of accessing information over the Internet. It contains millions of documents called Web Pages. Each page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other web page via hyperlinks. The web uses HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) for the transfer of these documents over the Internet.

Sir Tim Berners Lee, along with Robert Cailliau, invented the World Wide Web while working at CERN (Europian Council for Nuclear Reserch) in 1990. In this time, the World Wide Web is the most significant database of human knowledge.

HOW DOES WWW WORK?

A person who use the Internet uses a software known as Web Browser to request for a document or a web page located somewhere on the web. The browser requests the Internet host/server which contains that document. The browser thus acts as a customer or a client. After receiving the request, the Internet host passes the information to the clients. A network protocol controls the flow in this model. The protocol used in this exchange is called Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP).

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WWW AND INTERNET

Internet	World Wide Web
·        It is a global network connecting millions of computers.	·        It is a system of internet servers that support specially formatted documents.
·        The internet is decentralized.	·        Documents are formatted in a markup language that supports links to other documents.
·        Each internet computer is independent.	·        You can jump from one document to another simply by clicking on hot spots (hyperlinks).
·        There are a variety of ways to access the internet. ·	·        Applications called web browsers that make it easy to access the World Wide Web.
·        There are more than 3.5 billion internet users in the world.	·        There are more than 1,275,000,000 websites.
·        The Internet is administered by the Internet Protocol (IP)	·        WWW is managed by Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

BASIC INTERNET TERMINOLOGY

SERVER:- A Server is a program that runs on a machine and is meant to provide services to machines (clients) connected to it. It accepts the requests which come to it from a client, processes the requests, generates the response, and sends the required information to the client. The communication between a client and server uses HTTP protocol.

CLIENT:- A client is a computer system which uses a network to access a remote service from the server. It carries out the user’s/client’s request to the server and displays the results sent by the server. It can access the applications or information from the main server. A client is also known as a node.

WEB CLIENT:- A web client is an application (e.g. Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla) running on a local device like your desktop, notebook, cell phone that requests and uses services provided by a web server. It is also known as thin client because it relies heavily on the web server for fetching the information from it.

A web client and web server are two components of a connection. A client is any machine sending the requests for information, and the server is responding to the information requested. Some examples of a web client are web browser, an e-mail, a chatting programm and file sharing programs.

WEB BROWSER:- It is a software application through which one searches and accesses information on the World Wide Web. For example, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera etc.

WEB PAGE:- A web page is a document commonly written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) that is hosted on the Internet.

WEBSITE:- A website is a collection of publicly accessible interlinked web pages, containing related information, located under a single domain name.

DOMAIN NAME:- It is a unique name given to each website.

URL:- The Uniform Resource Locater donates the global address of the document and other resources on the World Wide Web. The communication between a web user and an Internet resource is possible by identifying each resource on the Internet in a standard manner.

WEB PORTAL:- It is a  gateway to wide range of Internet services, such as an e-mail, search engines, forums, e-commerce etc.

BLOG OR WEB BLOG:- A blog is a frequently updated online personal journal or diary. It is an easy-to-create website, which consists of a signed and dated log of individual posting.

BLOGGER:- A author of a blog is known as a blogger who regularly writes and updates the blog.

BLOGGING:- The act of writing a blog is called blogging.

E-MAIL (ELECTRONIC MAIL):- it is an electronic messaging system that allows one to send and receive letters and attachments (Images, videos, and other files) in real time.

NEWSGROUP:- It is an online platform where people can exchange information on any topic.

E-MAIL ADDRESSES:- The general format of an email address is local-part@domain, and a specific example is san@example.com. An address consists of two parts. The part before the @ symbol (local part) identifies the name of a mailbox. This is often the username of the recipient, e.g., san.

3 Parts of an Email Address

·        Username. The first part of an email address is the username. ...

·        @ Symbol. An “at,” or “@,” symbol is the second part of an email address. ...

·        Domain. The last part of an email address is the domain, which can be broken down into two portions: the mail server and the top-level domain.

WEB SERVER

A Server is a program that runs on a machine and is meant to provide services to machines (clients) connected to it. It accepts the requests which come to it from a client, processes the requests, generates the response, and sends the required information to the client. The communication between a client and server uses HTTP protocol.

Web servers are computers that deliver (serves up) Web pages. Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain name. For example, if you enter the URL http://www.google.com in your browser, this sends a request to the Web server whose domain name is google.com.

Types of web servers –

·        Apache Web Server.

·        IIS Web Server.

·        Nginx Web Server.

·        LiteSpeed Web Server.

·        Apache Tomcat.

·        Node. js.

·        Lighttpd.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SERVER AND WEB SERVER

SERVER	WEB SERVER
A server is a type of computer or device on a network that provides services to machines (clients) connected to it.	A web server is a program or a computer, primarily responsible for providing web contents. It stores, processes, and delivers web contentment in the form of text, pictures, videos, and animations to its clients.
Server manage hardware and software resources in a network.	A web server is designed to serve only HTTP requests from a web browser and respond with an HTTP response, such as sending back an HTML page.
A server be a shared server or a dedicated server.	A web server is a dedicated server.
A server provides access to server-side logic (Server Applications) using the language supported by the server, such as C#, PHP, Java.	It can only display static HTML content on the web browser.
The various types of server are application server, file server, print server, communication server, and domain server.	Some commonly web servers are Apache Server, Microsoft IIS Server, IBM Lotus, and Sun Java System.