Class 12 Informatics Practices 2026: 60 Most Important Questions with Answers for CBSE Board Exam

 The Informatics Practices (065) subject is an important part of the Class 12 curriculum under the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Every year many students look for important questions that can help them score good marks in the board examination.

To help students prepare effectively for the CBSE Board Exam 2026, we have compiled 100 most important questions with answers based on the latest CBSE syllabus, previous year questions and sample paper trends.

These questions cover all the major topics of Informatics Practices such as:

• Python Pandas and DataFrame operations

• CSV file handling

• SQL queries and database concepts

• Internet, digital society and data privacy

Students can use these questions for revision, practice and last-minute preparation before the board examination.

📘 Informatics Practices 2026

60 Most Important Questions with Answers

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PART 1 – MCQ (1–25)

1. Which library is used in Python for data analysis?
   Answer: Pandas

2. What is a DataFrame in Pandas?
   Answer: A two-dimensional tabular data structure consisting of rows and columns.

3. Which function displays the first five rows of a DataFrame?
   Answer: head()

4. Which function displays the last rows of a DataFrame?
   Answer: tail()

5. Which function gives a statistical summary of the data?
   Answer: describe()

6. What is the full form of CSV?
   Answer: Comma Separated Values

7. Which command is used to import Pandas?
   Answer: import pandas as pd

8. What is the full form of SQL?
   Answer: Structured Query Language

9. Which SQL command is used to retrieve data from a table?
   Answer: SELECT

10. Which clause is used to filter records in SQL?
    Answer: WHERE

11. Which clause is used to sort records in SQL?
    Answer: ORDER BY

12. Which clause is used to group records in SQL?
    Answer: GROUP BY

13. Which function counts the number of records in SQL?
    Answer: COUNT()

14. Which function calculates the average value in SQL?
    Answer: AVG()

15. Which function finds the maximum value in SQL?
    Answer: MAX()

16. Which function finds the minimum value in SQL?
    Answer: MIN()

17. Which symbol is used for lists in Python?
    Answer: [ ]

18. Which symbol is used for dictionaries in Python?
    Answer: { }

19. Which key uniquely identifies a record in a table?
    Answer: Primary Key

20. Which key creates a relationship between two tables?
    Answer: Foreign Key

21. What is the trace of personal data left on the internet called?
    Answer: Digital Footprint

22. Give one example of data security.
    Answer: Password protection

23. What is illegal copying of digital content called?
    Answer: Piracy

24. What is identity theft?
    Answer: Using someone else's personal information without permission.

25. Give one example of cybercrime.
    Answer: Hacking

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PART 2 – Very Short Answer Questions (26–50)

26. What is Pandas?
    Answer: Pandas is a Python library used for data analysis and data manipulation.

27. What is a Series in Pandas?
    Answer: A one-dimensional labeled array.

28. What is a DataFrame?
    Answer: A two-dimensional data structure with rows and columns.

29. What is a CSV file?
    Answer: A text file in which values are separated by commas.

30. What is SQL?
    Answer: A language used to manage and manipulate data in a database.

31. What is a Primary Key?
    Answer: A field that uniquely identifies each record in a table.

32. What is a Foreign Key?
    Answer: A field used to link two tables.

33. What is a database?
    Answer: An organized collection of data.

34. What is the Internet?
    Answer: A global network connecting millions of computers.

35. What is the World Wide Web?
    Answer: A collection of websites accessed through the Internet.

36. What is a digital footprint?
    Answer: The record of a user's online activities.

37. What is data privacy?
    Answer: Protection of personal data from unauthorized access.

38. What is cybercrime?
    Answer: Crime committed using computers or the internet.

39. What is hacking?
    Answer: Unauthorized access to a computer system.

40. What is phishing?
    Answer: A method of stealing personal information using fake emails or websites.

41. What is malware?
    Answer: Malicious software designed to damage systems.

42. What is a firewall?
    Answer: A security system that monitors and controls network traffic.

43. What is cloud computing?
    Answer: Storing and accessing data over the internet instead of a local computer.

44. What is e-commerce?
    Answer: Buying and selling goods online.

45. What is e-governance?
    Answer: Government services delivered through the internet.

46. What are Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)?
    Answer: Legal rights that protect creations of the mind.

47. What is plagiarism?
    Answer: Copying someone else's work without giving credit.

48. What is the digital divide?
    Answer: The gap between people who have access to technology and those who do not.

49. What is data ethics?
    Answer: Ethical guidelines for using data responsibly.

50. What is social media?
    Answer: Online platforms used for communication and sharing information.

PART 3 – Short Answer Questions (51–60)

51. Write a Python code to create a DataFrame.

import pandas as pd

data = {"Name": ["Aman", "Riya"], "Marks": [85, 90]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

print(df)

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52. Write a Pandas code to read a CSV file.

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv("data.csv")
print(df)

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53. Write a Pandas code to save data to a CSV file.

df.to_csv("data.csv")

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54. Write an SQL query to display all records from a Student table.

SELECT * FROM Student;

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55. Write an SQL query to display students with marks greater than 80.

SELECT * FROM Student
WHERE Marks > 80;

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56. Write an SQL query to sort students by marks in ascending order.

SELECT * FROM Student
ORDER BY Marks;

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57. Write an SQL query to sort students by marks in descending order.

SELECT * FROM Student
ORDER BY Marks DESC;

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58. Write an SQL query to calculate the average marks.

SELECT AVG(Marks)
FROM Student;

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59. Write an SQL query to count the total number of students.

SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM Student;

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60. Write an SQL query to find the highest marks.

SELECT MAX(Marks)
FROM Student;


Thank You!!!
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Most Important Informatics Practices Questions for Class 12 Board Exam 2026

Class 12 Informatics Practices is an important subject for students preparing for the board examination. Many questions in the exam are based on Python Pandas, SQL queries, data handling, and cyber safety topics.

In this article, we will discuss 10 most important questions of Informatics Practices for Board Exam 2026. Practicing these questions will help students revise key concepts and perform better in the examination.

1. What is a Pandas DataFrame?

Answer:
A DataFrame is a two-dimensional data structure in the Pandas library used to store data in rows and columns, similar to a table or spreadsheet.

Example:

import pandas as pd

data = {'Name':['Aman','Riya','Rahul'],
        'Marks':[85,90,78]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)

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2. What is the difference between Series and DataFrame?

Answer:

Series	DataFrame
One-dimensional data structure	Two-dimensional data structure
Contains only one column	Contains multiple columns
Similar to a list or array	Similar to a table

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3. How can we read and write a CSV file in Python?

Answer:
In Python, the Pandas library is used to read and write CSV files.

• read_csv() → used to read a CSV file
• to_csv() → used to write a CSV file

Example:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv("student.csv")
df.to_csv("newfile.csv")

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4. How can you add and delete a column in a DataFrame?

Answer:

Add a column:

df['Age'] = [18,19,20]

Delete a column:

df.drop('Age', axis=1, inplace=True)

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5. What do head() and tail() functions do in Pandas?

Answer:

• head() → Displays the first five rows of a DataFrame.
• tail() → Displays the last five rows of a DataFrame.

Example:

df.head()
df.tail()

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6. What are DDL, DML and DCL commands in SQL?

Answer:

DDL (Data Definition Language):
Used to define the structure of the database.
Examples: CREATE, ALTER, DROP

DML (Data Manipulation Language):
Used to manipulate data in tables.
Examples: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

DCL (Data Control Language):
Used to control access to data.
Examples: GRANT, REVOKE

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7. Write SQL queries for the following.

Table: STUDENT (RollNo, Name, Marks)

To display all records:

SELECT * FROM STUDENT;

To display students with marks greater than 80:

SELECT * FROM STUDENT
WHERE Marks > 80;

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8. What are Aggregate Functions in SQL?

Answer:
Aggregate functions perform calculations on a group of values and return a single result.

Examples:

• SUM() → calculates total
• AVG() → calculates average
• COUNT() → counts number of records

Example:

SELECT AVG(Marks) FROM STUDENT;

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9. What is Digital Footprint?

Answer:
A Digital Footprint is the record of a person's online activities such as social media posts, online searches, and website visits.

Advantages:

• Helps in building online identity
• Useful for networking

Disadvantages:

• Privacy risks
• Personal information misuse

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10. What is Cyber Crime?

Answer:
Cyber crime is any illegal activity carried out using computers or the internet.

Types:

• Hacking
• Phishing
• Identity theft

Prevention:

• Use strong passwords
• Avoid clicking unknown links
• Use antivirus software

 Note : More important questions of Informatics Practices for the 2026 board examination will be shared shortly. Until then, students are encouraged to study these questions thoroughly

Thank You!!!

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